Alcohol use disorders among adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs): Gene-environment resilience factors. in Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry / Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 8;108:110167. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110167.
2021
AOU Alessandria
Tipo pubblicazione
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Autori/Collaboratori (11)Vedi tutti...
Donnini C
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. Electronic address: claudia.donnini@unipr.it.
Marchesi C
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. Electronic address: carlo.marchesi@unipr.it.
Volpi R
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. Electronic address: riccardo.volpi@unipr.it.
et alii...
Abstract
Both genetic and early environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Gender and psychopathology symptoms might further moderate this association, resulting in an impairment of both the dopaminergic and serotoninergic pathways that sustain the binge, withdrawal and craving cycle. In a sample of of adult children of alcoholic parents (ACOAs) (n = 107) we compared those with and without an AUD, on socio-demographic variables, adverse childhood experiences, psychopathology symptoms and two polymorphisms associated with an impaired serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission (5HTTLPR and Taq1A/DRD2). A logistic regression revealed that an early caring environment might lower the risk of developing an AUD. When controlling for the actual psychopathology symptoms, being male and having the genotype associated with an impaired dopaminergic neurotransmission were still associated with AUD. Results were confirmed by an unsupervised approach that showed how the clusters characterised by being male and having the high risk genotypes were still associated with AUD compared to being female without the unfavourable dopamine genotype.Our results point to the need for implementing prevention strategies aimed at creating a caring environment especially in those families with an alcoholic parent. We further suggest that psycho-education as a symptom recognition and avoiding self-medication could improve the outcome in those subjects at higher risk, especially males.
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PMID : 33166669
DOI : 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110167
Keywords
Logistic Models; Humans; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics; Gene-Environment Interaction; Female; Cluster Analysis; Child of Impaired Parents/psychology/statistics & numerical data; Case-Control Studies; Alleles; Alcoholism/epidemiology/etiology/genetics; Serotonine; Gender; Dopamine; ACOAs; Adverse childhood experiences; Surveys and Questionnaires; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics; Risk Factors; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics; Adult; Adult Children/psychology/statistics & numerical data;